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| CTD stands for conductivity, temperature, and depth, and refers to a package of electronic devices used to detect how the conductivity and temperature of water changes relative to depth.
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The Drop Corer is designed to recover high quality core samples up to in length from a variety of soft sediments.
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| The box corer is used to sample soft sediments at the bottom of lakes, bays, and the ocean.
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Multibeam echosounder（MBES） is a type of active sonar system used to map the seafloor and detect objects in the water column or along the seafloor.
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| The Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler (ADCP) measures the speed and direction of ocean currents using the principle of “Doppler shift”.
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Trawls, which are nets towed behind a boat to collect organisms.
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| Photogrammetry is a method of approximating a three dimensional structure using two dimensional images. It has become an efficient way to rapidly record underwater archaeological sites and can also be used to characterize seafloor features.
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Remotely operated vehicles（ ROVs）, are submersible robots that allow us to explore the ocean without actually being in the ocean. |
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| HOVs are submersibles that bring a small group of scientists, pilots, and electronic equipment down in the water column and onto the seafloor, allowing in-person research and observation.
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Sound NAvigation and Ranging—SONAR—is used to find and identify objects in water. It is also used to determine water depth (bathymetry). Sonar is applied to water-based activities because sound waves attenuate (taper off) less in water as they travel than do radar and light waves.
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